AMERICAN JET FUEL
The basic civil jet fuel specification used in the United States of America is ASTM Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels D 1655, which defines the requirements for three grades of fuel:-
Jet A is used within the United States by domestic and international airlines.
UK JET FUEL
DEF STAN 91-91 defines the requirements for a kerosene type fuel (Jet A-1 grade) having a maximum freeze point of -47 degrees C.
Jet A-1 according to the DEF STAN 91-91 specification is very similar to Jet A-1 defined by the ASTM D 1655 except for a small number of areas where DEF STAN 91-91 is more stringent.
FORMER SOVIET UNION AND EAST EUROPEAN JET FUEL
Soviet kerosene type jet fuels are covered by a wide range of specification grades reflecting different crude sources and processing treatments used. The grade designation is T-1 to T-8, TS-1 or RT. The grades are covered either by a State Standard (GOST) number, or a Technical Condition (TU) number. The limiting property values, detailed fuel composition and test methods differ quite considerably in some cases from the Western equivalents.
CHINESE JET FUEL
Five types of jet fuel are covered by current Chinese specifications. No 1 Jet Fuel, No 2 Jet Fuel etc. RP-I and RP-2 are kerosenes which are similar to Soviet TS-1. They both have low flash point (minimum 28 degrees C).
RP-1 freeze point is -60 degrees C and RP-2 is -50 degrees C. RP-3 is basically as Western Jet A-1, produced as an export grade. RP-4 is a wide-cut type fuel similar to Western Jet B and Soviet T-2. RP-5 is a high flash point kerosene similar to that used in the West by naval aircraft operating on aircraft carriers. Virtually all jet fuel produced in China is now RP-3 (renamed No 3 Jet Fuel).
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